This paradigm sees both the earth and care work as necessary resources, to be appropriated and maintained as cheaply and as efficiently as possible.Įcofeminist thought shows how the ideology of the forces of production originates from a master model of rationality – heteropatriarchal, racist and speciesist – which is deeply enrooted in western culture and its definition of progress. As Val Plumwood (1993: 25) recalled, human identity in western culture has been associated with concepts of productive labour, sociability and culture – thus, as separated from supposedly lower forms of work (qua reproduction and care) and property relations (qua commoning). By this expression I mean a specific type of modernity – that which considers the forces of production (western science and industrial technology) as the key driver of human progress and well-being, while considering reproduction (both human and nonhuman) as a passive instrument to industrial production, and to the infinite expansion of GDP. It results from the radical re-arrangement of society/nature interactions – or social metabolism – brought about by capitalist/industrial modernity. The planetary ecological crisis that scientists are calling the Anthropocene is the latest chapter in the global history of capitalism.
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